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Voice-Analysis technology has become increasingly popular in the last few years as an effective method of both distinguishing truth from lies and assessing general credibility.
So how does Voice-Analysis work and why do different researchers worldwide sometimes get conflicting results?
The term Voice-Analysis is slightly misleading. Although a Voice-Analysis expert uses the subject's voice for his procedure, he is really trying to analyze brain activity, which is reflected in the speech flow.
As the vocal mechanism is extremely complex, the brain monitors it very closely.
Changes in thought will be reflected in the voice as a slight and localized changes in vocal pattern.
When we are excited, our speech becomes faster. When we think hard, or have a logical conflict, our speech slows down. (Simply because we need time to think).
State of the art Voice-Analysis technology (LiarCard to name one) detects and monitors a very wide spectrum of 'Brain Activity States'. These include excitement, cognitive activity, stress, concentration, confusion, attention, anticipation and in some cases even more complex emotional structures like love.
The Role of Feelings in the Identification of Falsehoods.
Lying is not a feeling but a result of a logical/emotional process. The 'Lying emotional structure' will differ depending on the logical or emotional process that caused us to lie in the first place.
Voice analysis deals with detecting the emotional changes occurring with the intention to deceive, and not with the "Logical" action of lying.
Why Lie?
Most actions and events have a fairly predictable outcome. For example, If a criminal admits a crime he will be punished and may even be sent to prison, a negative situation most would seek to avoid.
A confidence trickster will construct a whole story of deceit in order to profit from someone else, an outcome which will be seen by him/her as very positive one.
As these expected outcomes have created totally different emotional structures, they will be reflected in a different Voice Analysis results.
The recognition of this fact is crucial to those wishing to embrace Voice Analysis technology.
Lies, Lies and more Lies
LiarCard differentiate between 5 basic types of lies that produce completely different patterns in the voice:
- The Defensive lie (self-preservation)
- The Offensive lie (self-gain)
- The White lie (to avoid hurting someone else's feelings)
- The Embarrassment lie (to avoid emotional discomfort)
- The Joke. (harmless deceit to create humor. No real intention to deceive ? as such the Voice Analysis results may show excitement, stress, confusion or in some cases no special analysis at all .)
The Conversation Type
To ensure total accuracy the conversation type has to be taken into account too.
A free conversation, that might lead to anywhere and its structure is unknown, should be analyzed differently from a conversation where the subject knows in advance that he is going to lie.
To understand why, please try to imagine yourself in the following experiment:
You will be presented with a series of pictures (of unknown nature) and then asked to verbally describe them. Can you please imagine how you would feel before the test?
Now please imagine you are told that one of these pictures is so horrible you won't be able to sleep at night. Before you have even seen the first picture, did you notice the change in your emotional state?
Polygraph and Voice Analysis Methods
A "polygraph" measures physical changes brought on by the perception of threat (Also Known as the 'Fight Or Flight' Response) in which the body prepares either to fight or run from the threat, whereas voice analysis traces the associated brain activity.
Our body's react to threat, excitement, conflict or even pleasure in the same way - preparing for action. This general reaction makes polygraph a perfect tool for some serious applications as well as games, however, it has a big disadvantage in real life use as it cannot clarify the situation beyond a yes/no response to a specific question, assuming the question is not associated with any other unrelated emotion.
Voice Analysis Real-time Flexibility
Polygraphs can only function with an already prepared questionnaire of yes/no answers and based on facts available to the polygraph examiner at that time. As such, it doesn't possess the flexibility required to clarify anomalies during the test.
State of the art Voice Analysis technology does.
Intended mainly for real-time conversation, the online Voice Analysis investigative technique enables immediate focus on the suspected portions of the conversation. Thus leaving no time for the suspected party to prepare answers to this new line of probing questions.
The emotional readings enable a skilled operator to direct their questions at the core of the problem achieving a solution rather than just indicating a 'problem'.
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